Final answer:
The 1960 treaty between India and Pakistan is the Indus Waters Treaty, which has allocated 80% of the water to Pakistan and 20% to India. Issues such as potential water shortages in Pakistan arising from Indian diversions are compounded by the complex Kashmir conflict, which is rooted in the partition of 1947 and has led to multiple wars over disputed territory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treaty in question is the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. This agreement has been generally upheld over the years, allocating approximately 80% of the water from the Indus River and its tributaries to Pakistan, and the remaining 20% to India. If India were to construct a dam that diverts more water into its territory, it could potentially lead to a water shortage in Pakistan, especially in the northern region where water needs are significant. This issue is deeply intertwined with the longstanding Kashmir conflict, which has its roots in the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, and the subsequent wars and disputes, including religious tensions between Islam and Hinduism, as well as the political and territorial claims over Kashmir.
The state of Kashmir has been at the heart of the conflict since 1947, when a Hindu prince opted to join India despite the region's Muslim majority. This decision has led to several wars between India and Pakistan, and tensions continue to simmer due to both nations now possessing nuclear weapons. The uneasy status of Kashmir—split between Pakistan's control of the northern region, India's control of the southern region, and China's control over a portion of the eastern region—complicates the situation further. The region has seen multiple outbreaks of fighting despite a cease-fire, and the future of Kashmir remains uncertain, with global peace potentially at stake due to the nuclear capabilities of the countries involved.