Final answer:
Adaptive management is a flexible approach that targets continuous improvement by adapting actions based on outcomes, fitting the unique characteristics of each situation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that emphasized the importance of adapting management practices to fit the unique characteristics of each situation is known as adaptive management. This approach is particularly useful in scenarios with high levels of uncertainty and involves an iterative process of monitoring, evaluating, and modifying management actions to achieve continuous improvement. Adaptive management contrasts with more rigid management styles, such as Frederick Taylor's scientific management, which aimed for efficiency through standardization of work tasks.
In the context of organizational behavior, adaptive management resonates with ideas put forward by Donald Clifton in strengths-based management and Douglas McGregor's Theory Y. These approaches suggest that understanding and leveraging the unique strengths and motivations of individuals can lead to more effective management outcomes and organizational success.