Final answer:
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called lithification, which involves compaction and cementation. They can be classified into three types: clastic, chemical, and organic. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called lithification, which involves two steps: compaction and cementation. When sediments are deposited, they have empty spaces between them called pores. Compaction reduces the porosity by bringing the grains closer together. As sediments become compacted, water is squeezed out of the pore spaces, and minerals precipitate into those spaces, acting as a glue that holds the sediment together.
Sedimentary rocks can be classified into three types: clastic, chemical, and organic. Clastic sedimentary rocks form when particles from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks are transported by wind, water, or ice and deposited in layers. Chemical sedimentary rocks form when dissolved minerals in water precipitate out and solidify. Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and lithification of organic matter, such as plant or animal material.
Overall, sedimentary rocks are formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, compaction, and cementation.