Final answer:
The phrase 'fortunate Caesar' suggests a powerful figure, and given the historical context of Antony's defeat and subsequent shame, the best fit for 'fortunate Caesar' is Octavius, making the correct answer C) Octavius.
Step-by-step explanation:
The line "His face subdued to penetrative shame whilst the wheeled seat of fortunate Caesar" suggests a description of deep shame experienced by a character in the presence of a powerful figure. Given the historical context and relationship between the characters, we can determine that the phrase "fortunate Caesar" likely refers to someone in a position of power comparable to Caesar's. Given that the passage is related to the Roman context involving figures such as Antony, Cleopatra, and Octavius (who later became Augustus Caesar), and considering Antony's defeat and subsequent shame, the best fit for "fortunate Caesar" would likely be Octavius, making the correct answer C) Octavius. The provided historical accounts depict Antony's capitulation and Octavius' rise to power, underlining the fortune and success of Octavius contrasted with Antony's fall, which would elicit feelings of shame.