Final answer:
A professor on vacation remains employed by the government's definition, as they are returning to work post-vacation. Different scenarios represent various types of unemployment: cyclical, frictional, or structural. College graduates looking for a job are classified as frictionally unemployed. Employed (A) is right.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a professor plans on going to the beach after the semester is done for a vacation before returning to teach, they are considered by the government to be Employed (A). The professor is still connected to their employer and plans to return to their job after the vacation; hence, they are not considered unemployed.
Furthermore, to categorize the type of unemployment for various cases:
Landscapers laid off due to a recession are cyclical unemployed.
Coal miners laid off due to regulatory changes are structurally unemployed.
A financial analyst moving for work is frictionally unemployed.
Printers laid off due to technological changes are structurally unemployed.
Factory workers laid off due to plant relocation are structurally unemployed.
Recent college graduates who are looking for a job are considered frictionally unemployed, as they are in the process of moving into the labor market.
Employment classifications for various individuals:
A college student in an unpaid internship is not in the labor force.
A retiree is not in the labor force.
Someone out of work for two years but still looking is considered long-term unemployed.
Someone out of work for two months but not looking for a job is not in the labor force.
Someone who dislikes their job and is actively looking for another one is employed but job searching.
Someone taking a part-time job due to a lack of full-time opportunities is underemployed.