Final answer:
Jefferson's republican government believed in a limited Federal government, opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts, and argued for states' rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jefferson's republican government differed from the previous federalist one in several ways. One key difference was the belief in a limited Federal government with more control in the hands of the states and the people. The Federalists, on the other hand, believed in a stronger central government. Jefferson and his Republicans also opposed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts implemented by the Federalists, which curbed the rights of immigrants and the freedom of speech. They argued for states' rights, as seen in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, which advocated for the right of states to determine the constitutionality of federal laws.