Final answer:
Sumerian farmers improved their agricultural productivity by inventing the plow with bronze blades, developing advanced irrigation techniques, and practicing crop rotation which supported larger populations and urban growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sumerian farmers utilized a variety of technological advancements to improve agriculture and increase crop yields.
The use of the plow, initially a simple tool and later enhanced with bronze blades, revolutionized farming by allowing land to be cultivated more efficiently.
Harnessing animals such as oxen to plow fields significantly saved labor and time.
Furthermore, the Sumerians innovated irrigation techniques, building small channels and canals that directed river water to their fields, ensuring a consistent water supply for crops.
This, coupled with the practice of crop rotation to maintain soil fertility, greatly increased the productivity of agriculture in Sumer.
As a result of these technological improvements, Sumerian civilization was able to support larger populations and foster the growth of cities.