Final answer:
Humans and arthropods share a nervous system, complete digestive system, and specialized appendages, though arthropods have an exoskeleton and use different respiratory structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Humans and arthropods share several common characteristics despite their many differences. Both have a nervous system, a complete digestive system with a mouth and an anus, and an internal transport system - though humans have a closed circulatory system and arthropods have an open one. While humans have a skeletal system inside their body, arthropods have an exoskeleton made of chitin. This exoskeleton provides physical protection and prevents dehydration but requires molting for the creature to grow.
Both humans and arthropods experience growth and have developed specialized appendages. While in humans these include arms and legs, in arthropods, they encompass legs, antennas, and mouthparts. Moreover, both organisms have developed efficient ways to take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Humans use lungs, whereas various arthropods use structures like gills, tracheae, or book lungs, depending on their environment.
Arthropods have several characteristics that are the same as humans. These include:
Segmented body: Both arthropods and humans have a body that is divided into segments, although the number and arrangement of segments are different.
Nervous system: Arthropods, like humans, have a well-developed nervous system that allows them to process information and respond to their environment.
Complete digestive system: Both arthropods and humans have a mouth and an anus, enabling them to take in food, digest it, and eliminate waste.
These similarities in characteristics demonstrate that, despite their differences, arthropods and humans share some fundamental features.