Final answer:
The tRNA enters a hybrid state during the translocation step of the translation elongation phase when it shifts from the P site to the E site before exiting the ribosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tRNA is in a hybrid state during the translocation step of the elongation phase of translation.
Translation elongation in cells involves multiple steps where a charged tRNA enters the A site, forms a peptide bond at the P site, and then shifts to the E site as a deacylated tRNA before exiting. This transition from the P site to the E site marks the hybrid state of the tRNA. Each cycle of elongation requires the hydrolysis of ATP and two GTP molecules as energetic currency, making protein synthesis a demanding cellular process.
Peptide bonds are formed by peptidyl transferase activity, which is an integral part of the 50S ribosomal subunit, working in concert with the translation machinery to synthesize proteins efficiently.