Final answer:
To enhance a map's usability, a cartographer can add elements like a map scale, compass rose, latitude and longitude lines, a title, symbols with explanations, and toponyms. For topographic maps, contour lines representing elevation are crucial.
Step-by-step explanation:
To improve a map, a cartographer might add several elements, such as a map scale, which represents the ratio of distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. It is useful to have the scale in both kilometers and miles and to include a scale bar for visual reference. Additionally, the inclusion of a compass rose or an arrow pointing north can help with orientation, especially when combined with the lines for latitude and longitude that help identify specific coordinates on Earth. The map should also have a title to convey what the map represents and symbols, with an explanation of the symbols used such as colors, lines, or icons, to communicate different features or data on the map. Finally, toponyms (place names) are essential for identifying specific locations and features.
Furthermore, in the case of topographic maps, contour lines should be added to indicate elevation and terrain features. These lines represent different elevations above sea level and give the reader a sense of the three-dimensional shape of the Earth's surface. Good cartography involves creating maps that effectively communicate geographic information, which includes the use of color, scale, projection, and text. It is also essential for a cartographer to locate places of contemporary geopolitical significance and to use geographic terminology correctly.