Final answer:
In an experiment, the hypothesis is a testable prediction, the independent variable is manipulated, the dependent variable is measured, constant variables are kept unchanged, and the control group serves as a benchmark for comparison. A simple experiment using different fertilizers on tomato plants demonstrates these components.
Step-by-step explanation:
An experiment is a methodical procedure to test a hypothesis by manipulating variables and observing the outcomes under controlled conditions. In an experiment, the hypothesis is an educated guess that provides a tentative explanation for an observation, which can be tested by experimental investigations.
Elements of an Experiment:
- Question: The problem or phenomenon to be investigated.
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
- Procedures: Step-by-step methods used to conduct the experiment.
- Independent Variable: The factor that is intentionally varied by the experimenter.
- Dependent Variable: The factor that is measured and expected to change as a result of manipulating the independent variable.
- Constant Variables: Factors that are kept the same throughout the experiment to ensure any change in the dependent variable is due to the independent variable.
- Control Group: A baseline group that does not receive the experimental treatment and is used for comparison.
Let's design a simple experiment to illustrate these elements:
- Question: Does the type of fertilizer affect the growth rate of a tomato plant?
- Hypothesis: Tomato plants will grow taller with organic fertilizer compared to synthetic fertilizer.
- Procedures: Plant three groups of tomato plants, apply different fertilizer types to two groups, and one group without fertilizer. Measure their growth weekly.
- Independent Variable: Type of fertilizer (organic, synthetic, none).
- Dependent Variable: Growth rate of the tomato plants, measured in centimeters per week.
- Constant Variables: Amount of water, sunlight, plant species, soil type, and pot size.
- Control Group: Tomato plants that receive no fertilizer.
After executing this experiment, one would collect data, interpret the data, and then draw conclusions to decide whether the hypothesis is correct or not. Verification might involve repeating the experiment or having others replicate it.