Final answer:
Chloroplasts are the components not used by cyanobacteria for photosynthesis; these organelles are unique to plants and algae, while chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water are used by both plants and cyanobacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the components listed in the question, chloroplasts are not used by cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water are utilized by both plants and cyanobacteria. Plants are eukaryotic organisms that have specialized organelles called chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. Cyanobacteria, on the other hand, are prokaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll which is located in folded membrane extensions within the cytoplasm. While both plants and cyanobacteria use chlorophyll to absorb energy from sunlight, and both require carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars/carbohydrates and release oxygen, the presence of chloroplasts is unique to eukaryotic autotrophs such as plants and algae.
The correct answer to the question, therefore, is: chloroplasts.