Final answer:
Both glucose and sucrose have ratios of their elements that are approximately 1:2:1. Glucose's empirical formula CH2O reflects this ratio, while sucrose's formula C12H22O11, when simplified, roughly resembles the same ratio. However, sucrose's composition is the combination of two monosaccharides minus a water molecule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct comparison of the ratio of elements in glucose to those in sucrose is that glucose has a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which can be seen in its molecular formula, C6H12O6. This translates to the empirical formula CH2O. On the other hand, sucrose has a molecular formula of C12H22O11 which does not simplify to the same 1:2:1 ratio. Instead, when you divide the numbers by the lowest common denominator (which is 11 in this case), you'll find that sucrose roughly has a ratio of elements at 1:2:1 as well. Given that the choice provided in the question are incorrect, we have to consider the actual molecular formulas of both glucose and sucrose to derive the correct ratios.
The stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, and while this holds for monosaccharides like glucose with n=6, sucrose is a disaccharide composed of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule minus a water molecule (dehydration synthesis), so the ratio for sucrose isn't as clear cut as its individual monosaccharide components.