Final answer:
The two factors that led to immigration to the U.S. in the late 1800s were the industrial boom, which created job opportunities, and various push factors such as unemployment, famines, and persecution in immigrants' home countries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two major factors that led to immigration to the U.S. in the late 1800s were the industrial boom and the push and pull factors. The industrial revolution in the United States created a high demand for workers in various growing industries, such as the building of the transcontinental railroad, textile factories, and coal mines.
This demand served as a pull factor for immigrants seeking employment and better wages. The push factors included a variety of social, economic, and political reasons, such as high unemployment rates.
Their home countries, disease outbreaks, anti-Semitic violence, and religious persecution. For instance, many immigrants were escaping the Irish potato famine or pogroms targeting Jews in the Russian Empire.
Additionally, demographic, economic, and political pressures in other countries pushed people to seek better opportunities in the United States. The Great Migration of African Americans from the South to Northern cities and the influx of European immigrants transformed the demographic landscape of urban centers in the U.S., as these groups sought work in factories and businesses instead of moving westward to farm.