Final answer:
In Athens, both citizens and non-citizens could own property, but only citizens could participate in government by voting and holding office. Non-citizens, which included women, slaves, and many who were not born in Athens, were excluded from political life and did not have full legal rights. The correct option is (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the similarities and differences between citizens and non-citizens in Athens:
- Similarities: Both citizens and non-citizens had the right to own property in Athens.
- Differences: Non-citizens could not participate in the Athenian government, meaning they were not allowed to vote, hold public office, or have a say in the political life of the city-state.
While both citizens and non-citizens were protected under the law to some extent, only freeborn adult men with Athenian citizenship had full political and legal rights.
This included participating in the Assembly, the ability to vote, be elected into office, and the obligation to serve in the military.
Women, slaves, and many non-Athenian born individuals, such as foreigners, did not enjoy these privileges and were excluded from political life. Citizenship in Athens during this period was largely exclusive and based on birth rather than achievement or wealth.