Final answer:
The excerpts deal with how historical and literary texts reflect upon the societal expectations of emotion, particularly in ancient Roman culture, suggesting that displays of tears by figures like Odysseus and Scipio are nuanced and deliberate in their aim to reinforce certain identities and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the excerpts provided, the discussion focuses on the depiction of emotions in historical and literary texts. For instance, Scipio's public display of tears could be viewed as contrary to Roman ideals of stoicism, thus potentially undermining his Roman identity. However, the author's emphasis on Scipio's Roman deeds and feminization of his enemy could serve to counteract any perception of weakness.
Similarly, Caroline Alexander's mention of Odysseus weeping upon hearing the minstrel could challenge modern perceptions of ancient heroes as exclusively stoic figures. Lastly, the excerpts showcase the social control of emotions and societal expectations of Roman men, as reflected in the letters of Cicero and the accounts of other historic figures.