Final answer:
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for assembling amino acids during protein synthesis by matching its anticodons to the codons on mRNA and bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, where rRNA helps form the peptide bonds.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of RNA in Protein Synthesis
The type of RNA that functions to use coded instructions to assemble amino acids is transfer RNA (tRNA). During protein synthesis, mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA, which is read in sets of three bases known as codons, with each codon specifying a single amino acid. Then, tRNA matches its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA and brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome. There, facilitated by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), peptide bonds are formed between amino acids, resulting in a growing polypeptide chain that eventually folds into a functional protein.