Final answer:
The Declaration of Independence drew heavily on the social contract theory, particularly the ideas of John Locke, which emphasized natural rights and government by consent. This contrasted with the divine right of kings, supporting the American colonies' desire for self-government and independence from British monarchical rule. The correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence were most influenced by responses to the social contract theory. The social contract theory, especially as articulated by Enlightenment philosopher John Locke, had a profound impact on the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Locke's view that individuals had inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, and that governments should be based on the consent of the governed, resonated with colonists' experiences and the widespread belief in self-government and independence from absolute monarchic rule.
The concept that a government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed and its responsibility to protect individual rights was central to Locke's philosophy and is a key tenet of the Declaration. This contrasted sharply with the prevailing notion of divine right of kings, against which the Declaration was a response.
It reflects a political environment influenced by Enlightenment thinkers who championed reason, individual rights, and the idea that people had the right to change a government that did not protect their interests.