Final answer:
Incorporating manure into the soil is the most effective way to minimize nutrient loss and prevent water pollution, compared to other methods such as surface application or overapplication, especially during rainy periods.
Step-by-step explanation:
When applying manure, the best way to reduce nutrient loss and water pollution is by incorporating manure into the soil. This method helps prevent nutrients from being washed away by rain and minimizes the risk of pollutants reaching water bodies through surface runoff. In contrast, applying manure on the soil surface without incorporation, especially during heavy rainfall, could lead to increased run-off and higher chances of causing water pollution. Overapplying manure in large quantities can also contribute to nutrient loss and environmental problems due to excess nutrients not being absorbed efficiently by plants and possibly leaching into water systems.
Incorporating manure into the soil can be part of no-till farming practices, which help preserve soil moisture, and promote the sequestration of carbon, thus contributing to sustainability. It maintains the natural nutrient cycles and soil health, which are essential for reducing the environmental impact of farming activities.