Final answer:
Copper is an element with symbol Cu and atomic number 29, belonging to the group of transition metals. It is known for its high conductivity and distinctive color, and has played a significant role in human history, particularly during the Bronze Age.
Step-by-step explanation:
Copper is a chemical element on the periodic table with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and an atomic number of 29. It is recognized as a transition metal, which are elements found in groups 3-12 on the periodic table. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal known for its high thermal and electrical conductivity. Copper's freshly exposed surface has a distinctive pinkish-orange color. This metal is utilized widely for its ability to conduct heat and electricity and is a common material in building and construction.
The element exhibits interesting electronic configuration properties, similar to chromium. Where chromium has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵, copper is [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ and forms two common ions: Cu+ with [Ar]3d¹⁰ and the more prevalent Cu²+ ion with [Ar] 3d⁹. The incomplete d level of the Cu²+ ion confirms copper as a transition metal.
Historically, copper has been known to civilizations for thousands of years. It played a significant role during the Bronze Age when it was used in combination with tin to create bronze, an alloy that was harder and more durable than copper alone. This period is marked by major advancements in metalworking technology and the development of tools and goods.