Final answer:
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are supplied by central nervous system nerves through spinal nerves, the celiac ganglion, and the cardiovascular center in the medulla, which work together to maintain body homeostasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central nervous system (CNS) nerves that supply the divisions of the autonomic nervous system are instrumental in controlling various involuntary body functions. The autonomic nervous system has two main divisions: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response and is connected through spinal nerves and the celiac ganglion.
It controls the cardiovascular system using cardiac accelerator and vasomotor nerves. On the other hand, the parasympathetic division is characterized by 'rest and digest' activities, connected through cranial nerves like the vagus nerve and sacral spinal nerves. Both systems work antagonistically to maintain homeostasis in the body, and the balance of their actions is regulated by the CNS, particularly locations such as the cardiovascular center in the medulla and the lateral horn of the spinal cord.