Final answer:
Before taking a cold pill, Frank's body relies on innate immunity, which is the body's first and non-specific line of defence against pathogens, unlike the specific defences provided by adaptive immunity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Before Frank takes the cold pill, his body is using innate immunity to protect itself. Innate immunity is the first line of defence and includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as general immune responses like inflammation and the activity of phagocytes, which consume pathogens. Unlike adaptive immunity, which develops over time and specifically targets pathogens, innate immunity is non-specific and is not dependent on prior exposure to a pathogen.
Adaptive immunity can be categorized into natural active immunity, natural passive immunity, artificial passive immunity, and artificial active immunity. Artificial active immunity is typically developed through vaccination, which stimulates the body to produce its own antibodies and memory cells against a specific pathogen, without an actual infection. This is why it is referred to as artificially acquired because the exposure to the pathogen is deliberate and controlled.