Final answer:
Common elements found in Islamic mosques include minarets, elaborate tile work, geometric and vegetal motifs, calligraphic inscriptions, and domes. These features serve both functional and symbolic purposes, with decoration often avoiding figurative imagery to focus on patterns and calligraphy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Islamic mosques are rich in aesthetic and cultural elements that reflect the religious significance and artistic heritage of the Muslim world. Some common elements found in Islamic mosques include minarets and elaborate tile work, which are prominent features of mosque architecture. The minarets serve both functional and symbolic purposes, being the place from which the call to prayer is announced, and as a visual focal point.
Interior decorations often feature a range of geometric and vegetal motifs, as well as intricate calligraphy, mostly comprising quotations from the Qur'an. These are evident in the form of calligraphic friezes and cartouches, particularly around the mihrab area, which is the niche indicating the direction of the holy city of Mecca, and on the minbar, the pulpit from which sermons are delivered. Hanging lamps were historically used for lighting, and their decorative aspects could enhance the spiritual ambiance.
The inclusion of domes, or qubba, in mosque architecture is also significant. Domes often feature sophisticated patterns that are meant to symbolize the vault of heaven. A noteworthy point is that while Islamic architectural decoration avoids figurative imagery in religious contexts, it may be present in secular settings.