Final answer:
The increase in Frank's rough play despite his mother's removal of his erector set every time he plays roughly is an example of a counterproductive punishment or negative reinforcement, where the behavior unexpectedly increases instead of decreasing.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Frank's mother took away his erector set every time he played too roughly, but his rate of rough play actually increased, this would be an example of a counterintuitive behavioral procedure called counterproductive punishment or negative reinforcement. This is because the expected outcome of the punishment, which is to decrease the undesirable behavior (rough play), did not occur and instead, the behavior increased. The possible explanation for this observation could be that Frank may perceive the removal of the erector set as an attention-seeking success or may not associate the removal as a punishment for his rough play. Alternatively, the removal of the toy might create frustration that leads to an increase in rough play as a way to cope with the emotion.