Final answer:
Henri Fayol's principles of administrative management form the basis for the functional organizational structure prevalent in modern businesses. The correct answer is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question 'Henri Fayol's __________ provide the foundation for the __________ used in today's businesses' is Henri Fayol's principles of administrative management provide the foundation for the functional organizational structure used in today's businesses. Hence, the correct option from the provided choices is C. Principles of administrative management; functional organizational structure.
Henri Fayol is known for his contributions to the theory of administrative management, focusing on the organization and its management rather than individual tasks. In Fayol's view, a functional organizational structure is one wherein the organization is divided into departments or functions each headed by a functional manager. Fayol's key principles such as division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction, and others are widely recognized as foundational elements of modern management practices and organizational structures.