Final answer:
Computer models that imitate neuron communication are known as neural networks, which are central to artificial intelligence and can simulate human cognitive processes through artificial neurons. The correct answer is option (b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The computer models that imitate the way neurons communicate with each other are called neural networks. Neurons in the human nervous system use electrical and chemical signals to relay messages; similarly, neural networks in artificial intelligence mimic this process to perform a variety of functions. These networks are constructed from interconnected units or nodes known as artificial neurons, which are modeled on the biological neurons in our brains.
Neural networks are a fundamental component of artificial intelligence. They can be found in different forms of AI, including reactive machines, systems with limited memory, those capable of theory of mind, and AI that possesses self-awareness. These networks are versatile and can be applied to simulate human intelligence by machines programmed to emulate human thought and actions.
For the question presented, the correct option that describes computer models that imitate the way neurons communicate is option b: Neural networks. Simulation modeling in ecosystems or biological systems is related but distinct, involving numerical techniques to analyze complex relationships which can include linear systems, and while it can form part of an AI system, it's not the term used to describe the imitation of neuron communication.