Final answer:
The statement that supply often exceeds demand in an import-oriented distribution structure is false because businesses aim to align supply closely with demand. In the market, prices rise when demand exceeds supply, leading to more suppliers entering the market to balance it. Also, in the goods market, sellers may sell below the equilibrium price for various strategic reasons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "In an import-oriented distribution structure, does supply often exceed demand" is false. In an import-oriented distribution structure, businesses bring in goods from foreign markets to meet domestic demand. These businesses aim to meet or exceed consumer expectations and avoid overstock, which can lead to increased storage costs and potential losses if the products do not sell. Therefore, an efficient import-oriented strategy revolves around aligning supply closely with actual demand, rather than exceeding it.
When consumers demand more goods than are available on the market, prices are driven higher. This creates an opportunity for profit which in turn induces more suppliers to enter the market, culturally coming to produce an amount equivalent to that which is demanded. Hence, supply tends to match demand as the market reaches equilibrium, the point at which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded and market forces are balanced.
As for the statement "In the goods market, no seller would be willing to sell for less than the equilibrium price", it is also false. Sellers may choose to sell goods for less than the equilibrium price for a variety of reasons, such as clearing out old inventory, responding to increased competition or market saturation, or employing a loss leader strategy to attract customers. Therefore, while the equilibrium price represents a balance between supply and demand, transactions can and do happen at different price points based on various market conditions and seller strategies.