Final answer:
The Industrial Revolution was caused by factors such as the Agricultural Revolution, availability of coal, a stable government, and capitalism, all of which were vital for economic and technological advancements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The causes of the Industrial Revolution are multifaceted and include the Agricultural Revolution, the abundant availability of coal, the presence of a stable government, and the economic principles of capitalism. The Agricultural Revolution improved agricultural practices which increased food production and led to a surplus population that was then available to work in factories.
Coal was a key natural resource fueling the various new machines. A stable government provided the conditions necessary for economic growth and investment, while capitalism encouraged private ownership, competition, and investments in new technologies—all critical for the Industrial Revolution.