Final answer:
A scientist listening to dolphin communication is engaged in making observations, a foundational step in the scientific method which could eventually lead to hypotheses and experiments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientist who listens to the unique calls dolphins make when communicating with each other is making observations. This is the initial step in the scientific method where scientists gather data and record observable phenomena. The focus here is on careful monitoring and note-taking to document the behavior for further analysis later on. In the context of marine biology, such observations are crucial for developing a better understanding of dolphin communication and social structures.
Once the observations are gathered, they can lead to the formulation of hypotheses, followed by designing and conducting experiments to test these hypotheses. Overall, observations are the foundation upon which the rest of the scientific method builds, enabling researchers to generate insights and conclusions from empirical data.