Final answer:
Samuel's classification of artifacts as Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic is a temporal typology because it relates to time periods. Andrea's categorization of finds based on usage, such as building and hunting, is a functional typology. The correct answer is E. Samuel: temporal; Andrea: functional.The correct answer is E.
Step-by-step explanation:
Archaeological Classification Systems
The question asked is: "Samuel and Andrea are archaeologists working on different projects. Samuel classifies his artifacts as Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. Andrea classifies her finds as building, grinding, hunting, and worship. What typology did they use?" Their classification systems are temporal and functional, respectively.
Samuel's use of terms such as Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic refers to specific time periods in prehistory, which marks his typology as temporal. These terms define stages of societal development based on technological advancements and lifestyle changes, related to the Stone Age. Paleolithic artifacts are associated with the earliest human technologies, the Mesolithic denotes a transition period, and the Neolithic indicates the emergence of agriculture, permanent settlements, and more sophisticated tools.
On the other hand, Andrea categorizes objects by their potential use — buildings being structures, grinding related to food processing, hunting to acquiring food, and worship to religious or ceremonial activities. This method focuses on the intended function of artifacts, which is why Andrea's typology is classified as functional.
Therefore, the correct answer is E. Samuel: temporal; Andrea: functional.