Final answer:
A large cheese pizza takes longer to cook than a smaller one due to its greater mass, which means it has a higher heat capacity and requires more energy for the atoms to heat up to the desired temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
It takes longer to cook a large cheese pizza (400g) than it does to cook a small cheese pizza (150g) because the larger pizza has a greater mass, requiring more energy to heat up to the desired temperature. Just like a larger cast iron frying pan with a larger mass has a higher heat capacity, needing more energy to increase its temperature by the same amount, so does a larger pizza.
For instance, if the larger pan requires 90,700 J of energy to raise its temperature by 50.0 °C, compared to the smaller pan which requires 18,140 J for the same temperature change, the principle is similar for a large cheese pizza. The greater amount of material in the larger pizza means that there are more atoms that need more energy to vibrate and warm up, thus extending the cooking time.