Final answer:
Credit card debt and medical bills can typically be discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, whereas student loans and mortgage loans are not easily discharged.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Jones files for protection under Chapter 7 of the federal Bankruptcy Code, certain debts can be discharged while others cannot. Generally, credit card debt and medical bills are dischargeable, meaning they can be eliminated through the bankruptcy process. However, student loans are typically not discharged unless the individual can prove undue hardship, which is difficult to do. A mortgage loan is also not automatically discharged; instead, the collateral (home) can be surrendered, but if there's a deficiency, the remaining debt could potentially be discharged if it's not covered by foreclosure proceeds.