Final answer:
An aria is a solo vocal piece in an opera, oratorio, or cantata that showcases the singer's voice. Improvisation is the act of creating music in the moment without prior planning. Virtuosity refers to exceptional technical skill and ability in playing an instrument.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aria: An aria is a solo vocal piece in an opera, oratorio, or cantata. It is typically a showcase for the singer's voice and allows for emotional expression. Arias are often composed in a specific musical form, such as da capo or binary form. For example, the aria 'Nessun dorma' from the opera Turandot by Puccini is a famous and powerful aria.
Improvisation: Improvisation is the act of creating music in the moment, without prior planning or composition. It involves spontaneous creativity and can be found in various genres, including jazz, blues, and Indian classical music. Musicians who are skilled in improvisation are able to create melodies, harmonies, and rhythms on the spot.
Virtuosity: Virtuosity refers to the exceptional technical skill and ability of a musician. It is characterized by the mastery of difficult and intricate musical passages, often with great speed and precision. Virtuosity is often associated with instrumental music and can be observed in genres such as classical, jazz, and rock. A famous example of virtuosic piano playing is Franz Liszt's 'Transcendental Etudes.'