Final answer:
The term 'Green seed' is a phenotype, which represents the visible traits of an organism. The genotype, however, is the organism's genetic makeup. From Gregor Mendel's experiments, the concept of dominant and recessive traits and the resulting phenotypes from genetic crosses were established.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'Green seed' refers to a phenotype, which is the observable trait expressed by an organism. On the other hand, a genotype encompasses the genetic makeup which includes both visible and non-expressed alleles for any given trait that contributes to the organism's phenotype. Gregor Mendel, through his experiments on pea plants, elucidated the concept of phenotypes and genotypes. One of the seven characteristics Mendel observed in pea plants was seed texture, which includes the seed's color.
In Mendel's cross of true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds, assuming green seeds are recessive, the F₁ offspring would all exhibit the yellow seed phenotype because yellow is the dominant trait. Even so, their genotypes would be heterozygous, as they carry alleles for both green and yellow seed color, denoted as 'Gg' if 'G' represents the dominant yellow allele and 'g' represents the recessive green allele (question 3).