Final answer:
Psychological influences on visual perception include perceptual set, Gestalt principles of grouping, depth cues, and visual constancies. These influences shape how we perceive and interpret visual information.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychological influences on visual perception include perceptual set, which is influenced by past experience, context, motivation, and emotional state. Perceptual set refers to the tendency to perceive things in a certain way based on our previous experiences and expectations. For example, if we have a positive past experience with a particular food, we are more likely to perceive it as tasty and enjoyable. Another important influence on visual perception is the Gestalt principles of grouping. These principles explain how we organize sensory information into meaningful patterns and wholes. For instance, the principle of similarity suggests that we tend to group objects that are similar in color, shape, or size together. The principle of closure suggests that we tend to see incomplete or fragmented figures as complete. In addition to perceptual set and Gestalt principles, depth cues and visual constancies also influence visual perception. Depth cues provide information about the distance and three-dimensional structure of objects in our visual field. Examples of depth cues include binocular cues (such as binocular disparity) and monocular cues (such as relative size and linear perspective). Visual constancies, on the other hand, allow us to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changes in their appearance due to variations in lighting and viewing angles.