Final answer:
Information is stored in long-term memory as either explicit memory, which involves conscious thought and includes episodic and semantic memory, or implicit memory, which involves unconsciously learned skills like procedural memory. Storing information involves encoding and rehearsal to create strong memory traces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Long-term memory is categorized into two main types: explicit memory and implicit memory. Explicit memory, or declarative memory, is the one we can consciously think about and verbalize which includes episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory refers to the recollection of personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. Semantic memory involves knowledge of facts and concepts that are not tied to time and place.
Implicit memory, on the other hand, includes procedural memory which is reflected in our skills and actions that we perform automatically without conscious thought. This could be activities such as riding a bike or playing an instrument which, through practice, become second nature.
The process of storing information in long-term memory is complex, involving encoding or inputting the information, efortful processing and elaborative rehearsal to help integrate new information with what is already known, resulting in a stronger memory trace or engram. Implicit procedural memory is built largely through repetition and practice, becoming part of our automatic responses.