Final answer:
The study of diversity in reproductive strategies within evolution is known as life history strategy analysis. It examines how species allocate energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction and the trade-offs involved in these strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of evolution devoted to the analysis of the diversity in reproductive strategies is known as life history strategy analysis. This field studies how living organisms allocate their energy towards growth, maintenance, and reproduction and how these strategies evolve through natural selection. Understanding life history strategies is fundamental in comprehending how species adapt to their environments to secure the resources they need for successful reproduction. An example of life history strategy is the trade-off between fecundity and parental care, where a species may opt for either many offspring with less care or fewer offspring with more intense care. This area of study also considers the timing of reproduction (early or later in life), the number of reproductive events (semelparity or iteroparity), and patterns like K-selected and r-selected species.