Final Answer:
The correct relationship between the given substances and their corresponding products is Amino acids -> polypeptides (proteins). Thus, the correct answer is option 3.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amino acids, often termed as the building blocks of proteins, undergo a process called peptide bond formation to form polypeptides. Polypeptides, in turn, fold and interact to create complex three-dimensional structures, ultimately forming functional proteins. This sequence of events, starting from amino acids and progressing to the formation of polypeptides which assemble into proteins, represents the fundamental process of protein synthesis within living organisms (option 3).
When amino acids link together via peptide bonds, they form chains known as polypeptides. These polypeptide chains, characterized by specific sequences of amino acids, fold and assume unique shapes and configurations based on their interactions, leading to the creation of proteins. Proteins play crucial roles in various cellular functions, exhibiting diverse functions such as catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and facilitating cellular communication.
The relationship between amino acids and polypeptides, culminating in the formation of proteins, signifies the intricate and essential process of protein synthesis in living organisms. This sequential progression underscores the hierarchical assembly of biomolecules, highlighting the role of amino acids as the precursors that lead to the formation of functional and diverse proteins essential for life processes.