Final answer:
Option 3 (changes in human physiology at high altitudes) is NOT an example of evolution; it's acclimatization, a short-term physiological response to environmental changes and is not hereditary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that is NOT an example of evolution is '3) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to accommodate lower oxygen levels'. Evolution is defined as a gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form. Specifically, in biology, it refers to the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth due to genetic changes across generations.
Options 1 and 2 are clearly examples of evolution. In the case of the birds, the beak size changes as a result of natural selection, where larger beaked birds are more successful at reproducing and their traits are passed on to their offspring. This is similar to the adaptations seen in the Galápagos finches which occurred due to the variations in their food source availability. As for whales, the loss of hind limbs over time represents a significant evolutionary shift as the common ancestors of whales adapted incrementally to aquatic life.
Option 3, however, is not a case of evolution but rather an example of acclimatization. Acclimatization is a short-term process where an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment, such as when humans travel to high altitudes and experience changes in their physiology to handle lower oxygen levels. These changes are not heritable or permanent and reverse when the individual leaves that environment.