Final answer:
A sedimentary rock composed of fragments from physical weathering of preexisting rocks is known as a clastic sedimentary rock, often classified by grain size and and how long they were in transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
A sedimentary rock composed of the physical weathering products, which are broken fragments of preexisting rocks, is called a clastic sedimentary rock. Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified based on their grain size, the rounds of the grains, and how they were sorted during the transportation process. They form when other rocks weather into small particles that are then transported by elements like wind, water, or ice to a location where they accumulate, solidify, and layer to form new rock constructions. Rocks such as sandstone, mudstone, shale, and conglomerate are common examples of clastic rocks.