Final answer:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both have plasma membranes of similar construction, which function as a selective barrier. They also share ribosomes for protein synthesis, cytoplasm for cellular processes, and DNA as genetic material, but differ in the encapsulation of DNA and presence of other membrane-bound organelles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is 3) Both have plasma membrane of similar construction.
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share some structural components, crucial for their function and integrity. The plasma membrane is a phospholipid layer that encloses cells and separates the interior of the cell from its external environment. This membrane allows selective entry and exit of substances, thus maintaining homeostasis. Ribosomes are present in all cells as the site of protein synthesis, fundamental to cell function and growth. The cytoplasm offers a medium where cellular components can interact, and biochemical reactions occur. While both cell types contain DNA, in prokaryotes, it is found in the nucleoid region and is not enclosed by a membrane, unlike the DNA in eukaryotes, which is contained within a nucleus. It's important to note that while both cell types share these features, only eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.