Final answer:
The principle related to the bias where we perceive whole objects rather than their parts is known as cognitive ease or the substitution heuristic, a cognitive bias where complex perceptions are simplified.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bias in which we assume that what is being referred to is the whole object, and not one of its parts, is closely related to the principle of cognitive ease or substitution heuristic. This psychological concept describes our tendency to process complex objects as singular, whole entities rather than a collection of parts because it is easier for us to perceive and understand them that way. It simplifies our cognitive processes but can lead to inaccuracies in our perception and understanding of the object in question.
Our reliance on cognitive biases, such as the substitution heuristic, often makes us overlook the complexity inherent in things. We may ignore the individual parts that make up a whole, thereby potentially leading to a misconception about the object. Essentially, we are prone to seeing things in their most easily digestible form, which can cater to our preconceptions and support the development of further cognitive biases like the bandwagon fallacy or tribal thinking.