Final answer:
The statement that minus DNA synthesis requires transferring to a new template is true, as seen in the lagging strand synthesis during DNA replication. In transcription, the passive DNA template strand guides the synthesis of mRNA in a detailed, complementary fashion. The process of gene expression is essential for proper cellular function and genetic information transfer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement about minus DNA synthesis requiring the transfer to a new template is True. During the process of DNA replication, two strands of DNA are separated, and each serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. There are two types of DNA synthesis that occur: leading and lagging. The leading strand is synthesized continuously from the 5' to 3' end, using a single RNA primer. However, the lagging strand must be synthesized in short fragments, known as Okazaki fragments, because it runs in the opposite direction. This synthesis requires multiple RNA primers, making the lagging strand synthesis more complex than leading strand synthesis.
Addressing the requirements for protein synthesis, a passive DNA template does not turn over, indicating that it remains stable and functioning merely as a template for RNA synthesis during transcription. In this process, the DNA double helix unwinds partially to form a transcription bubble, where one strand, the template strand, guides the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA). The resulting mRNA sequence is a reflection of the template strand's nucleotide sequence, with the exception that thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. It is also important to note that not all codons within the genetic code encode a different amino acid; some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon, indicating redundancy in the genetic code. Transcription and DNA replication are both critical steps in gene expression and cell replication, ensuring genetic information is transferred accurately to facilitate proper cellular function.