Final answer:
During the arousal phase of laughter, physiological measures can go lower than resting values due to the relaxation response initiated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Optimal arousal levels are moderate for peak performance, and the body seeks balance through autonomic tone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physiological Measures During Arousal and Laughter
During the arousal phase of laughter, physiological measures do not simply return to resting values; they can also lower, initiating a relaxation response. In this context, arousal refers to the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or stimulated. It is characterized by physiological changes; for instance, in males, there is an increase in breathing rate and heart rate, while females typically see a decrease in these measures.
An optimal level of arousal for peak performance is usually moderate. Excessively high levels can lead to anxiety that may hinder performance, whereas low levels may result in insufficient motivation. The relaxation response is an approach to stress reduction that decreases sympathetic arousal, often used effectively to manage high blood pressure. It indicates a shift away from the fight-or-flight response towards the restorative processes of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, known as the autonomic tone, influences the resting state of the body. After significant physiological arousal, such as that experienced during laughter, the body generally works to return to a state of balance within these systems. The parasympathetic nervous system facilitates this process, leading to a state of relaxation post-arousal.