Final answer:
The correct answer is option 4. Proteins serve multifunctional roles in organisms, including as regulatory molecules, antibodies, and growth factors. They are composed of amino acids and are essential for life processes. The correct answer to the functions of proteins includes all of the listed functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Proteins
Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform a wide range of functions within organisms. They are the final products of genes, with each gene encoding a specific protein. These proteins are composed of amino acids and are crucial for various cellular processes. Some of their key functions include:
- Regulatory molecules: Proteins can act as hormones or other regulatory elements influencing metabolic pathways and physiological processes.
- Antibodies: These proteins are integral to the immune system, recognizing and neutralizing foreign pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
- Growth factors: Proteins that stimulate cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, playing a central role in developmental processes.
- Enzymes: As catalysts, enzymes accelerate chemical reactions in the body, vital for sustaining life.
- Structural: Proteins provide structure and support to cells and tissues.
- Transport: Proteins like hemoglobin transport oxygen in the blood, while others shuttle various molecules across cellular membranes.
- Storage: Some proteins store essential nutrients and chemicals for later use.
Proteins are not just involved in one or a few tasks; they are multifunctional and indispensable for the proper functioning of all living organisms. In the context of the choices provided, the correct option would be (4) All of these, as it encompasses regulation, antibodies, and growth factors, highlighting the diverse and critical roles of proteins.