Question

Model organisms used by cell and molecular biologists include all of the following EXCEPT?

1) mice
2) bacteria
3) nematodes
4) orangutans

Answer 1

Cell and molecular biologists use mice, bacteria, and nematodes as model organisms, but not orangutans, due to various practical and ethical reasons.

Step-by-step explanation:

Model organisms used by cell and molecular biologists include mice (Mus musculus), bacteria (such as E. coli), and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), but not orangutans. Model organisms like fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are essential for understanding biological processes and can be extrapolated to human physiology. However, orangutans are not typically used as model organisms due to ethical considerations, the complexity of procurement and maintenance, and less genetic similarity compared to other models like mice and nematodes which are more common. The answer to the question, which model organism is not typically used by cell and molecular biologists, is orangutans.