Final answer:
The two types of coordinate systems in the context of viewer perspective are viewer-centered and object-centered, where the former is relative to the observer and the latter is with respect to the object itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two types of coordinate systems discussed in the context of viewer-centered and object-centered are c) Viewer-centered and object-centered. In a viewer-centered coordinate system, the positioning and movement are defined relative to the observer or viewer's perspective. In contrast, an object-centered coordinate system defines position and movement relative to the object itself, without reference to the observer's location or orientation.
In the context of optics, such as with lenses, the object-centered approach might involve a coordinate system where the origin is at the center of a cylindrical lens, and we define rays in relation to that center. For example, when describing how to locate the top of an image formed by a lens, you might use rays that are parallel to the principal axis and rays that pass through the center of the lens. These rays are plotted in an object-centered coordinate system that helps predict where the image will form relative to the lens.