Final answer:
The level of evidence necessary to show probable cause is less than certainty, but more than speculation or suspicion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The level of evidence necessary to show probable cause, as required by the 4th Amendment, is:
a) less than certainty, but more than speculation or suspicion
This means that the evidence must be more than a mere suspicion or speculation, but it does not require absolute certainty. It requires a reasonable basis or a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed or that evidence will be found.