Final answer:
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies blood to the brain's temporal and parietal lobes, particularly affecting Broca's and Wernicke's areas. A blood clot in the MCA would impact these regions, responsible for speech and language processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a critical artery that supplies blood to key areas of the brain, including the temporal and parietal lobes. When there's a blood clot in the MCA, the regions of the brain that are particularly affected include those responsible for sensory processing, language, and spatial reasoning. Specifically, the areas that would be most impacted are the Broca's and Wernicke's areas, which are related to speech production and comprehension, respectively. These are located within the temporal and parietal lobes, which are the areas supplied by the MCA.
Option (b) Broca's and Wernicke's areas is, therefore, the correct answer. The hippocampus and amygdala (option a), cerebellum and brainstem (option c), and thalamus and hypothalamus (option d) are supplied by other arteries.