Final answer:
Scalers and curettes are the primary instruments used in periodontal procedures to remove plaque and calculus from teeth and roots.
Step-by-step explanation:
The instruments that are used primarily in periodontal procedures are scalers and curettes. These tools are essential for the non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease, which includes the removal of dental plaque and calculus (tartar) from the teeth and the roots beneath the gums. Scalers are used to remove deposits from the crowns of the teeth, while curettes are designed to clean the roots and deeper periodontal pockets.